What is Base64?
Base64 represents data using 64 safe characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, + and /), so it can travel through email, JSON, URLs and HTML. It is an encoding, not encryption: anyone can decode it.
Example
hello → aGVsbG8=. The decoder also accepts the URL-safe variant (base64url, with - and _) and missing padding, as used in JWTs.